Deep learning methods have gained increased attention in various applications due to their outstanding performance. For exploring how this high performance relates to the proper use of data artifacts and the accurate problem formulation of a given task, interpretation models have become a crucial component in developing deep learning-based systems. Interpretation models enable the understanding of the inner workings of deep learning models and offer a sense of security in detecting the misuse of artifacts in the input data. Similar to prediction models, interpretation models are also susceptible to adversarial inputs. This work introduces two attacks, AdvEdge and AdvEdge$^{+}$, that deceive both the target deep learning model and the coupled interpretation model. We assess the effectiveness of proposed attacks against two deep learning model architectures coupled with four interpretation models that represent different categories of interpretation models. Our experiments include the attack implementation using various attack frameworks. We also explore the potential countermeasures against such attacks. Our analysis shows the effectiveness of our attacks in terms of deceiving the deep learning models and their interpreters, and highlights insights to improve and circumvent the attacks.

时间序列异常检测在统计，经济学和计算机科学中进行了广泛的研究。多年来，使用基于深度学习的方法为时间序列异常检测提出了许多方法。这些方法中的许多方法都在基准数据集上显示了最先进的性能，给人一种错误的印象，即这些系统在许多实用和工业现实世界中都可以强大且可部署。在本文中，我们证明了最先进的异常检测方法的性能通过仅在传感器数据中添加小的对抗扰动来实质性地降解。我们使用不同的评分指标，例如预测错误，异常和分类评分，包括几个公共和私人数据集，从航空航天应用程序，服务器机器到发电厂的网络物理系统。在众所周知的对抗攻击中，来自快速梯度标志方法（FGSM）和预计梯度下降（PGD）方法，我们证明了最新的深神经网络（DNNS）和图形神经网络（GNNS）方法，这些方法声称这些方法是要对异常进行稳健，并且可能已集成在现实生活中，其性能下降到低至0％。据我们最好的理解，我们首次证明了针对对抗攻击的异常检测系统的脆弱性。这项研究的总体目标是提高对时间序列异常检测器的对抗性脆弱性的认识。

生成的对抗性网络（GANS）的快速进展提出了滥用恶意目的的担忧，特别是在创造虚假的脸部图像方面。尽管许多所提出的方法成功地检测基于GaN的合成图像，但它们仍然受到大量训练假图像数据集和探测器对未知面部图像的普遍性的挑战的限制。在本文中，我们提出了一种新方法，探讨了颜色通道的异步频谱，这对于培训无监督和监督的学习模型来区分GaN的合成图像是简单而有效的。我们进一步调查了培训模型的可转换性，该培训模型从一个源域中的建议功能中学习，并在另一个目标域上验证了具有功能分布的先验知识。我们的实验结果表明，频域中光谱的差异是实用的伪影，以有效地检测各种类型的基于GaN的生成图像。

尽管基于深度学习的伪造探测器具有重要的进步，但是对于区分操纵的深度图像，大多数检测方法遭受中度至显着性能降解，具有低质量的压缩的深度图像。由于低质量图像中的信息有限，检测低质量的深脂仍然是一个重要的挑战。在这项工作中，我们在知识蒸馏（KD）中应用频域学习和最优运输理论，以具体改善低质量压缩的深粉图像的检测。我们探索KD中的转移学习能力，使学生网络能够有效地学习低质量图像的歧视特征。特别是，我们提出了基于关注的DeepFake检测蒸馏器（Add），其中包括两种新蒸馏：1）频率注意蒸馏，有效地检索学生网络中的除去高频分量，2）多视图注意蒸馏通过在不同的意见下切片教师和学生的张量来创造多种关注传感器，以便更有效地将教师张富翁的分发转移给学生。我们广泛的实验结果表明，我们的方法优于最先进的基线检测低质量压缩的深度图像。

Reliable forecasting of traffic flow requires efficient modeling of traffic data. Different correlations and influences arise in a dynamic traffic network, making modeling a complicated task. Existing literature has proposed many different methods to capture the complex underlying spatial-temporal relations of traffic networks. However, methods still struggle to capture different local and global dependencies of long-range nature. Also, as more and more sophisticated methods are being proposed, models are increasingly becoming memory-heavy and, thus, unsuitable for low-powered devices. In this paper, we focus on solving these problems by proposing a novel deep learning framework - STLGRU. Specifically, our proposed STLGRU can effectively capture both local and global spatial-temporal relations of a traffic network using memory-augmented attention and gating mechanism. Instead of employing separate temporal and spatial components, we show that our memory module and gated unit can learn the spatial-temporal dependencies successfully, allowing for reduced memory usage with fewer parameters. We extensively experiment on several real-world traffic prediction datasets to show that our model performs better than existing methods while the memory footprint remains lower. Code is available at \url{https://github.com/Kishor-Bhaumik/STLGRU}.

In medical image analysis, automated segmentation of multi-component anatomical structures, which often have a spectrum of potential anomalies and pathologies, is a challenging task. In this work, we develop a multi-step approach using U-Net-based neural networks to initially detect anomalies (bone marrow lesions, bone cysts) in the distal femur, proximal tibia and patella from 3D magnetic resonance (MR) images of the knee in individuals with varying grades of osteoarthritis. Subsequently, the extracted data are used for downstream tasks involving semantic segmentation of individual bone and cartilage volumes as well as bone anomalies. For anomaly detection, the U-Net-based models were developed to reconstruct the bone profiles of the femur and tibia in images via inpainting so anomalous bone regions could be replaced with close to normal appearances. The reconstruction error was used to detect bone anomalies. A second anomaly-aware network, which was compared to anomaly-na\"ive segmentation networks, was used to provide a final automated segmentation of the femoral, tibial and patellar bones and cartilages from the knee MR images containing a spectrum of bone anomalies. The anomaly-aware segmentation approach provided up to 58% reduction in Hausdorff distances for bone segmentations compared to the results from the anomaly-na\"ive segmentation networks. In addition, the anomaly-aware networks were able to detect bone lesions in the MR images with greater sensitivity and specificity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] up to 0.896) compared to the anomaly-na\"ive segmentation networks (AUC up to 0.874).

Artificial intelligence methods including deep neural networks (DNN) can provide rapid molecular classification of tumors from routine histology with accuracy that matches or exceeds human pathologists. Discerning how neural networks make their predictions remains a significant challenge, but explainability tools help provide insights into what models have learned when corresponding histologic features are poorly defined. Here, we present a method for improving explainability of DNN models using synthetic histology generated by a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN). We show that cGANs generate high-quality synthetic histology images that can be leveraged for explaining DNN models trained to classify molecularly-subtyped tumors, exposing histologic features associated with molecular state. Fine-tuning synthetic histology through class and layer blending illustrates nuanced morphologic differences between tumor subtypes. Finally, we demonstrate the use of synthetic histology for augmenting pathologist-in-training education, showing that these intuitive visualizations can reinforce and improve understanding of histologic manifestations of tumor biology.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

我们提供了证据表明，学到的密度功能理论（``dft'）的力场已准备好进行基态催化剂发现。我们的关键发现是，尽管预测的力与地面真相有很大差异，但使用从超过50 \％的评估系统中使用RPBE功能的能量与使用RPBE功能相似或较低能量的力量的力量与使用RPBE功能相似或较低的力量放松。这具有令人惊讶的含义，即学习的潜力可能已经准备好在挑战性的催化系统中替换DFT，例如在Open Catalyst 2020数据集中发现的电位。此外，我们表明，在局部谐波能量表面上具有与目标DFT能量相同的局部谐波能量表面训练的力场也能够在50 \％的情况下找到较低或相似的能量结构。与在真实能量和力量训练的标准模型相比，这种``简易电位''的收敛步骤更少，这进一步加速了计算。它的成功说明了一个关键：即使模型具有高力误差，学到的电位也可以定位能量最小值。结构优化的主要要求仅仅是学到的电位具有正确的最小值。由于学到的电位与系统大小的速度快速且尺寸为线性，因此我们的结果开辟了快速找到大型系统基础状态的可能性。

本文提出了一项新的统计分析，旨在解释自然语言处理（NLP）中训练技术的最新成就。我们证明，当预训练任务的类（例如，蒙版语言模型任务中的不同单词）的类别足够多样化，从某种意义上说，最后一个线性层的最小奇异值在预训练中（表示为$ \ \ \ \ \ Tilde {\ nu} $）很大，然后预训练可以显着提高下游任务的样本效率。特别是，我们显示转移学习过量风险享受$ o \ left（\ frac {1} {\ tilde {\ nu} \ sqrt {n}} \ right）$ rate，与$ o \ left相比（\）标准监督学习中的frac {1} {\ sqrt {m}} \ right）$ rate。在这里，$ n $是预训练数据的数量，$ m $是下游任务中的数据数，通常是$ n \ gg m $。我们的证明依赖于矢量形式的rademacher复杂性链规则来拆卸复合函数类别和修改的自我符合条件。这些技术可能具有独立的兴趣。